Channapattana is a city and taluk headquarter in Ramanagara District, Karnataka, India and situated at a distance of about 60kms from Bangalore is noted for its famous handmade lacquer wooden toys all over the world and hence popularly known as “Gombegala Ooru” or the “Toy-City” of Karnataka. Channapatna toys: woodentoysanddollsthat are manufactured in the town ofChannapatna( 12.87 Sq.K.M)[1]in theRamanagaradistrict ofKarnatakastate,India. This traditionalcraftis protected as ageographical indication(GI) under the World Trade Organization, administered by the Government of Karnataka.[2]As a result of the popularity of these toys, Channapatna is known asGombegala Ooru(toy-town) of Karnataka.[3]Traditionally, the work involvedlacqueringthe wood of theWrightia tinctoriatree,[4]colloquially calledAale mara(ivory-wood).[5]
An assortment of Channapatna toys and dolls
History :Lacquered toys find mentioned invachanasofBasavannaduring 11th-12th century CE in Karnataka.[6]Although the use ofLac(lacquer resin) for wood finish, cosmetics, toys, bangles and dye is much earlier in ancient India.[7]This naturalLacresin was once imported in sizeable quantity into Europe from India.[8][9]Under various local rulers likeHoysalas,VijayanagaraandMysore Kingdomit received patronage from royals and commoners alike.[10]Bavas Miyan helped renew channapatana toys during it's decline, he adopted Japanese technology for toys making and helped the local artisans improve their art.[3]For nearly two centuries, ivory-wood was the main wood used in the making of these toys, thoughrosewoodandsandalwoodwere also occasionally used.
The craft has diversified over time; in addition to the traditional ivory-wood, other woods—including rubber, sycamore, cedar, pine and teak—are now used as well.[11]Manufacturing stages include procuring the wood, seasoning the wood, cutting the wood into the desired shapes, pruning and carving the toys, applying the colours and finally polishing the finished product. Vegetabledyes are used in the colouring process to ensure that the toys and dolls are safe for use by children.[3] As of Oct 2011, has population of 71,902,[12] in which 254 are in home manufacturing units and 50 in small factories, were engaged in the making of these toys. The Karnataka Handicrafts Development Corporation (KHDC) provides assistance with marketing efforts. The oldest and most popular manufacturing unit Bharath Art and crafts help develop innovative products.[3]
With no proper back up or marketing, the Channapatna toy industry faced a financial crunch for more than a decade and was almost on the verge of dying out.[11] However, with the help of KHDC, the craft has been revived and the artisans involved are being trained on changing trends in the industry, to help them keep abreast of the current scenario. Prototypes designed by master craftsmen are introduced to the local artisans, who use them to create well-designed toys and dolls. The Government of Karnataka has also provided help by constructing a Lacquerware Craft Complex, which has a manufacturing centre with 32 turning lathe machines.[11] Financial assistance to the artisans, with help from the Dutch Government and the Karnataka Government's Vishwa scheme has also been provided.
Many new companies and social enterprises have been reviving the Channapatna craft to suit modern tastes.[13]iFolk Channapatna toys and handicrafts, a group formed by Bharath Art and crafts, promotes and supports lacquerware artisans to do innovation and modernization of their products.[11]
Toystory comes to life at the “Town of Toys” in the outskirts of Bengaluru. Known as the land of toys for centuries now, Channapatna manufactures and sells intricate art pieces and wooden dolls. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) also recognises this Kannada town as a Geographical Indication
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